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Crow Terrace Poetry Trial
The Crow Terrace Poetry Trial (or Crow Terrace Poetry Case, 烏臺詩案) was a trial on charges including treason, or, lèse majesté (Sung Criminal Code, Article 122: "Denouncing the Imperial Chariot") that occurred in the year 1079 (during the Song dynasty) era of China (960–1279). "Crow Terrace" refers to the imperial Office of the Censorate (御史臺), which prosecuted the case, a nickname. The most prominent figure of the numerous accused parties was the official and artist Su Shi (1037 – 1101), whose works of poetry were produced in court as evidence against him. Of the several tens or dozens accused, the most prominent figure was the remarkable artist and political leader Su Shi, whose works of poetry were produced as a key part of the evidence against him. The Crow Terrace Poetry Trial was a major landmark in the struggle for free speech, in medieval China; and, as the outcome of the judicial proceedings resulted in Su Shi's conviction and sentence to exile, as well as the conviction and sentencing to various punishments of over 30 other individuals (some or many of whom were let off with fines and reprimands), the Crow Terrace Poetry Trial had the significant effect of dampening subsequent creative expression and set a major negative precedent for freedom of speech, at least for the remainder of Song Dynasty China. Besides the significance of the Crow Terrace Poetry Trial for Su Shi and poetry, it is also a rather remarkably well-documented instance of a medieval Chinese literary prosecution, with surviving copies of indictments, arguments, case disposition; not to mention numerous of Su Shi's poems, which were entered as evidence.
==General background==
The Crow Terrace Poetry Trial took place in 1079, the 2nd year of the ''Yuanfeng'' era (Yuán Fēng 元豐; "Primary Abundance") 1078–1085 of the Song dynasty. The disparate states of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period had been unified by the first Song ancestor, Zhao Kuangyin (Emperor Taizu of Song); and, the capital city established in Kaifeng.
The Crow Terrace Affair occurred during the reign of Emperor Shenzong of Song, who was then emperor: he was born in 1048 and reigned from 1067 to 1085.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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